The difference between working principle of brushed and brushless DC permanent magnet motor
With the continuous advancement of permanent magnet materials and power electronic components, brushless DC permanent magnet motors have been rapidly developed, and they are widely used in various fields of industry, agriculture, national defense, aerospace, modern technology and daily life. In the field of motor technology, the rational and correct design of brushless DC permanent magnet motor has become an increasingly important issue.
Introduction to the principle of brushed DC permanent magnet motor
In a brushed DC permanent magnet motor, an armature winding is disposed on the rotor, and the stator permanent magnet forms an exciting magnetic field in the air gap. According to the physics theorem, in this case, if a current is forced to flow in a certain conductor of the armature winding, an electromagnetic force acting on the conductor is generated.
In the brushed DC permanent magnet motor, the stator is mainly composed of a permanent magnet pole, a magnetic conductive bottle and a brush member, and the rotor is mainly composed of an armature winding and a commutator. The armature winding is connected to the commutator according to a certain law, and there is a certain angular displacement between two adjacent coils. Hypothesis, a coil under the N pole is energized from the 0° electrical angle position, and the rotor begins to rotate. The rotating electromagnetic torque generated by the current in the coil in the air gap magnetic field starts from 0 to small, and then From large to small, when the rotor is turned to an electrical angle of 180°, the rotational electromagnetic torque generated by the coil returns to zero. At this time, the coil leaves the N pole and enters the S pole, and the current direction in the coil is automatically switched (switched) to the opposite direction. The switching action is achieved by means of a mechanical structure of several brushes and a commutator. This transformation of the direction of current flow within the armature coil is referred to as mechanical commutation.
Thus, under a magnetic pole of a brushed DC motor, although the coil conductor is constantly changing, as long as the polarity of the applied voltage is constant, the direction of the current flowing in the coil conductor is always constant, and the electromagnetic rotation acting on the armature The direction of the moment is always the same, and the direction of rotation of the motor will remain constant. This is the essence of the mechanical commutation process of brushed DC motors.
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