How the stepper motor works
A stepping motor is an open-loop control element stepping motor that converts an electrical pulse signal into an angular displacement or a linear displacement. In the case of non-overload, the speed and stop position of the motor depend only on the frequency of the pulse signal and the number of pulses, and are not affected by the load change. When the stepper driver receives a pulse signal, it drives the stepper motor. The set direction is rotated by a fixed angle called the "step angle" whose rotation is performed step by step at a fixed angle. The angular displacement can be controlled by controlling the number of pulses to achieve the purpose of accurate positioning. At the same time, the speed and acceleration of the motor rotation can be controlled by controlling the pulse frequency, thereby achieving the purpose of speed regulation.
First, the working principle of stepper motor
The stepping motor is a four-phase stepping motor and is powered by a unipolar DC power supply. As long as the phase windings of the stepper motor are energized at the appropriate timing, the stepper motor can be stepped. FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the four-phase reaction type stepping motor.
At the beginning, the switch SB is turned on, SA, SC, and SD are disconnected, and the B-phase magnetic poles are aligned with the rotor No. 0 and No. 3 teeth. At the same time, the No. 1 and No. 4 teeth of the rotor and the magnetic poles of the C and D phase windings are misaligned. 2, the 5th tooth and the D, A phase winding magnetic poles produce wrong teeth. When the switch SC is turned on and the SB, SA, and SD are turned off, the rotor rotates due to the action of the magnetic lines of the C-phase winding and the magnetic lines between the No. 1 and No. 4 teeth, and the magnetic poles of the No. 1, No. 4 and C-phase windings are aligned. . The 0th and 3rd teeth and the A and B phase windings produce the wrong teeth, and the 2nd and 5th teeth and the A and D phase winding magnetic poles produce the wrong teeth. By analogy, the four-phase windings of A, B, C, and D are alternately powered, and the rotor will rotate in the A, B, C, and D directions.
A stepper motor is an open-loop control element that converts an electrical pulse signal into an angular displacement or a linear displacement. In the case of non-overloading, the speed and stop position of the motor depend only on the frequency of the pulse signal and the number of pulses, and are not affected by the load change, that is, a pulse signal is applied to the motor, and the motor rotates through a step angle. The existence of this linear relationship, coupled with the stepper motor only periodic error without cumulative error. It is very simple to control the change with a stepping motor in the control field such as speed and position. Although stepper motors have been widely used, stepper motors are not as conventional DC motors, and AC motors are used under normal conditions. It must be composed of a dual ring pulse signal, a power drive circuit, etc. to form a control system. Therefore, the use of stepper motors is not an easy task. It involves many professional knowledge such as machinery, motors, electronics and computers. At present, there are many manufacturers of stepping motors, but they have professional technicians who can develop them themselves. There are very few manufacturers. Most of them are only one or twenty people, and even the most basic equipment is not available. Just in a blind copying stage. This causes the user to cause a lot of trouble in product selection and use. In the above situation, we decided to take a wide range of inductive stepper motors as an example. Describe the basic working principle. Hope can help the majority of users in the selection, use, and machine improvement.
