Motor companies look at it quickly, 20 practical quality management tools
Six Sigma is an implementation principle and technology that can improve the quality of enterprise process management strictly, centrally and efficiently. With the perfect business pursuit of “zero defects”, it will greatly reduce the cost of quality and ultimately achieve the improvement of financial results and competitiveness. Breakthrough. What tools do you need to master when learning Six Sigma? Take a look.
1. Lean production
Lean Production (LP) is a manufacturing model proposed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1990 based on its research and summary of Toyota's production methods in the International Automotive Project. The core is to pursue the elimination of all “waste” including inventory, and develop a series of specific methods around this goal, gradually forming a unique production management system.
Lean production is a change through system structure, personnel organization, operation mode and market supply and demand, so that the production system can adapt to the changing needs of users quickly, and all the useless and redundant things in the production process can be streamlined and finally included. The best results in all aspects of production, including market supply and marketing.
2, Kano model
3, POKA-YOKE
The basic concepts of POKA-YOKE mainly include the following three aspects:
(1) Never allow even a few defective products to appear. To become a world-class enterprise, not only in concept, but also in fact, it must achieve "0" defects.
(2) The production site is a complex environment. Everything can happen every day. Errors lead to defects, and defects lead to customer dissatisfaction and waste of resources.
(3) We cannot eliminate mistakes, but we must find and correct them in time to prevent errors from forming defects.
4. Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a multi-level deductive analysis method that transforms customer or market requirements into design requirements, component characteristics, process requirements, and production requirements. It reflects market-oriented and customer requirements. The guiding principle of product development alone. In the robust design method system, the quality function deployment technology plays an important role. It is the leading step to develop robust design, which can determine the key links of product development, key components and key processes, and optimize the design for stability. The implementation pointed out the direction and identified the object. It makes the whole research and development activities of the products closely related to the requirements of customers, thus enhancing the market competitiveness of the products and ensuring the success of product development.
According to the literature, using the QFD method, the product development cycle can be shortened by one-third, the cost can be reduced by one-half, the quality is greatly improved, and the output is multiplied. The development of quality functions has become very popular in the US civil industry and the defense industry. It is not only applied to specific product development and quality improvement, but also used by major companies as a quality policy development and project management objectives.
5, SOW
The job description specifies the work that the contracting parties should complete during the contract period, such as program demonstration, design, analysis, testing, quality control, reliability, maintainability, supportability, standardization, and measurement assurance;
Projects that should be provided to the other party, such as interface control files, hardware, computer software, technical reports, drawings, materials, and when to conduct reviews, so the job description further clarifies the customer's requirements in the form of contractual documents. The work that the contractor must carry out in order to fulfill the customer's requirements, which makes the product management and quality assurance based on the legal basis, and becomes a powerful tool for Party A (customer) to conduct quality control on Party B (contracting unit). Detailed requirements for the job description can be found in GJB2742A-2017. The content of the job description is an important input to the quality function deployment.
6, WBS
The hierarchy is centered on products to be developed and produced, and consists of product (hardware and software) projects, service projects, and data projects.
The application of WBS hierarchy in the work of quality function development and system design, with reference to the outline WBS given by GJB2116-94, will greatly facilitate the conception of product function, structure and development work, and contribute to the work of QFD and system design. Completion also contributes to the preparation of the job description (SOW). WBS is an effective tool for the implementation of system engineering management for weapons and equipment development, and also a guarantee of design integrity. The principles and ideas of WBS are equally applicable to all kinds of large, complex and high-tech civilian products.
7, concurrent engineering
8, parameter design
The basic idea of parameter design is to minimize the effects of external, internal and product interference by selecting the optimal level combination of all parameters (including raw materials, parts, components, etc.) in the system, so that the quality characteristics of the designed products fluctuate. Small, good stability. In addition, in the parameter design stage, the components with the lowest quality level that meet the environmental conditions and the cost-effective processing precision are generally selected for design, so that both the quality and the cost of the product are improved.
Parameter design is a multi-factor selection problem. Since the influence of three kinds of interference on the fluctuation of product quality characteristic value is considered, the design scheme with good anti-interference performance is explored, so the parameter design is much more complicated than the orthogonal test design. Dr. Taguchi used the inner orthogonal table and the outer orthogonal table direct product to arrange the experimental scheme, and used the signal-to-noise ratio as the stability index of the product quality characteristics for statistical analysis.
