The vacuum cleaner is mainly composed of three parts: dust collection, dust collection, and dust filtration. It generally includes an electric motor, a centrifugal fan, a dust filter, and dust collection accessories. The vacuum cleaner motor is the heart of the vacuum cleaner. Vacuum cleaners can be divided into vertical, horizontal, and portable types according to their structure. The working principle of the vacuum cleaner is to use the motor to drive the blades to rotate at high speed, generate air negative pressure in the sealed shell, and absorb dust. The requirements for the motor are high speed, high torque, and small size. At present, the vacuum cleaners on the market mainly use two types of motors: single-phase series motors and permanent magnet DC motors.
The mechanical characteristics of the vacuum cleaner series motor are harder than those of the general-purpose single-phase series motors, so that when the wind path conditions change, that is, when the motor load changes in a large range, the motor speed does not change much, and the vacuum cleaner can maintain a good dust collection performance. Its main advantages are: it can work with both AC and DC power supplies; it has a high working speed, a small size, and a light weight; it has smooth speed regulation, a wide range, and simple and reliable control. Permanent magnet DC motor is a DC motor that uses one or more permanent magnets to establish a magnetic field. It has the advantages of small size, high efficiency, simple structure, low copper usage, good speed accuracy, good starting and speed regulation performance, simple and economical maintenance, etc. It is the main type of low-power DC motor.
Permanent magnet DC motor has the following advantages in vacuum cleaners: Permanent magnet DC motor has high efficiency and large output torque, and can start normally under large starting torque; Permanent magnet DC motor has good regenerative braking effect. Since its rotor is made of permanent magnet material, the motor can enter the generator state during braking, and the cleaning efficiency is high; In addition, permanent magnet DC brushless motor has no mechanical commutator and adopts a fully enclosed structure, which can adapt to the treatment of dry and wet garbage, prevent dust from entering the motor, and has high reliability; At present, DC brushless motor is the most widely used type of permanent magnet DC motor. Since it has no carbon brush wear, it has a longer life and less noise. It has a natural advantage in vacuum cleaners and is suitable for use in home and automotive commercial environments.
In general, single-phase series-excited motors are noisy and generate electromagnetic interference, which is the biggest disadvantage of this type of motor. Therefore, compared with the former, brushless DC motors have advantages that cannot be ignored. At present, brushless DC motors have shown a clear trend of replacing the former.
