Realization of Drive Control Design for Brushless DC Motor of Four-Axis Aircraft
Quadcopters are technical products that have been very popular in both professional and non-professional fields. The following article designs and develops a three-phase six-arm full-bridge drive circuit and control program for the drive control of a four-axis aircraft position sensorless brushless DC motor. The design adopts ATMEGA16 single-chip microcomputer as the control core, and uses the back-potential zero-crossing point to detect the six MOSFETs of the turn-on conduction drive circuit to realize the commutation; the DC brushless motor control program completes the MOSFET power-on self-test, the motor start software control, the PWM motor speed control and Circuit protection function. The design circuit has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, stable and reliable operation of the motor, and continuous operation of the motor.
In recent years, the research and application range of quadcopters has been gradually expanded, and it uses four brushless DC motors as its power source. The brushless DC motor is an outer rotor structure that directly drives the propeller to rotate at a high speed.
The drive control mode of the brushless mainstream motor is mainly divided into two types of control modes: a position sensor and a position sensor. Since the brushless DC motor controller requires a small size, light weight, high efficiency and reliability in a quadcopter, a brushless DC motor without a position sensor is used. This article uses the Langyu X2212kv980 brushless DC motor.
The brushless DC motor drive control system includes two parts: a drive circuit and a system program control. The three-phase full-bridge drive circuit is formed by the switching characteristics of the power tube, and then the DSP is used as the main control chip. With its powerful arithmetic processing capability, the start and control of the motor are realized, but the circuit structure is complicated and costly, and lacks economy.
The commutation of the DC brushless motor adopts the back-EMF zero-crossing detection method, and once the zero-crossing point of the back-potential of the third phase is detected, it prepares for the commutation. The back-EMF zero-crossing detection uses a virtual neutral point method to determine the rotor position by detecting the zero-crossing point of the back EMF of each phase of the motor. The motor current commutation theory based on the voltage variation law of the three-phase winding end of the motor can greatly improve the system control accuracy.
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