electronic control system efficiency optimization technology
The efficiency of the electronic control system is increased by 1%, which is advantageous for the economy and weight of the whole vehicle. The efficiency optimization technology includes carrier frequency dynamic adjustment, DPWM wave technology, overmodulation technology, and wide-area high-efficiency HSM motor.
2.1, carrier frequency dynamic adjustment technology
The main source of loss in the electronic control system is the inverter part, and the inverter loss is 70% from the switch part.
From the perspective of switching loss, the carrier frequency dynamic adjustment technique is studied. Through simulation experiments, it is found that the controller efficiency can be increased by up to 2% after adjusting the switching frequency. Using dynamic carrier frequency technology, especially at low speed, when the carrier frequency requirement is not so high, adjusting the carrier frequency can effectively reduce the controller. The loss, providing the efficiency of the controller, is initially expected to provide about 1.5 kilometers per 100 kilometers, the carrier frequency can not be reduced without limit, but also need to consider the vehicle noise and motor control needs.
2.2, DPWM wave application technology application
For the application of discontinuous wave, the DPWM technology reduces the number of switching times by 1/3 compared with the COWM technology, which can significantly reduce the number of switching times and achieve the purpose of reducing switching losses.
When the modulation ratio is M>0.816, the harmonics under CPWM and DPWM modulation are approximately the same. DPWM technology can be used in this area to reduce device losses.
2.3, overmodulation technology application
Controller losses include switching losses and pilot losses. The pilot loss has a great relationship with the output current. When the output power is constant, the output current decreases and the output voltage needs to be increased accordingly.
By adding overmodulation, the output power and output torque of the weak magnetic zone can be effectively improved, the output voltage is increased by 4%, and the peak power is increased by about 4%, improving the high-speed dynamic performance of the vehicle;
By adding overmodulation, outputting the same power, the current will be significantly reduced, which can reduce system heating, improve the overload capacity of the controller, and improve the dynamic performance of the vehicle;
By adding overmodulation, the fundamental voltage can be effectively increased. Compared with no overmodulation, the motor efficiency can be effectively improved, the motor current can be significantly reduced (0~8%), and the efficiency can effectively extend the cruising range.
2.4, wide-area high-efficiency HSM motor
In addition to the improved electronic control efficiency, it also includes motor efficiency improvement.
HSM motor hybrid synchronous motor can balance low speed zone efficiency and high speed zone efficiency compared to IPM motor. HSM is especially advantageous in the medium and high speed constant power operation area. The test found that in the low-speed zone and high-speed zone, the HSM efficiency is higher than that of the conventional IPM motor. In general, the efficiency of the motor can be improved after using the HSM technology.
In the case of bus and group car conditions, IPM and HSM motors are compared, and HSM motors are dominant.
Considering the comprehensive energy efficiency directional optimization technology of the whole vehicle working condition, the directional optimization of efficiency is realized by adjusting the proportion of each loss component of the motor, and the integrated energy efficiency of the motor is customized and the cruising range is improved by combining the specific road condition information.
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